Macronutrients (Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats→ Biomolecules)

Macronutrients- nutrition needed in larger amts. (usually grams)

Carbohydrates: 1 carb= 4 calories.

• Carbon + Hydrogen + Oxygen
• Produces Insulin (sugar)
• Supplies us with energy for cells, tissue & organs

Starches include: (Pasta, Bread, Wheat, Rice)

• Approximately 50-60% of your calorie source comes from here!

 Sugars:

• Simple sugars: Natural and Refine sugars (commonly found in fruits and milk)
• Made from very few molecules, so digested very fast
• Give you long term energy to function
• Brown Sugar, Honey, Soft Drinks, Syrup etc.

• Complex Sugars  or Fiber
• - Mainly plant sources (vegetables), fruits, nuts, whole grains
  - Reduces and ebbs cholesterol levels
  - Indigestible; Intestines push your waste out faster
  - Rate of sugar intake moving throughout body is slowed down 
  - Keeps you lively and feel good about yourself
• Approximately 25-30% grams of your meals should be/come from fiber

Protein: 1 gram=4 calories
Monomer: Amino Acid; Polymer: polypeptides

• Animal Meat, Fish, Eggs, Milk, Vegetables: soybeans, nuts, legumes, butter etc.
• Made from Amino Acids, 20 different types
• Help to repair cells, produce enzymes, antibodies, hormones
• Pro: Faster recoveries after exercise, healthy weight, curbs hunger=lean muscle
• Animal meat supplies us with "actual" proteins with essential amino acids
• While Non-animal products miss an amino acid but they are still super healthy for you

Lipids or Fats

1 gram=9 calories 

• Hydrophobic:

               - Provides warmth and stored for long term energy

       Some Cholesterol isn't "all that bad" we have/need some for our bodies to function.  
     However too much or the wrong cholesterol (ex: LDL Cholesterol) isn't good for you, which may lead to problems in the future (ex: Heart attack or stroke).

Unhealthy Fats

• Saturated Fats:
• Solid Fat (Animal Meat, Dairy, Tropical Oils, Margarine)
• Cholesterol Level Raises
• Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) or Bad Cholesterol 
• Clogs up passageways for blood/oxygen to flow through body=Heart Disease

    Trans Fat- Goes through a process known as HYDROGENATION ø

• Hydrogenation allows food to have longer shelf life and Fat turns hard at Room Temperature (with that, body struggles to metabolize the fat)
• Trans Fat Increase the chance of High Blood Pressure and Heart Disease
• ex: Chips, Cookies, Process Food Loaves Donut Holes                                                 
• NOT GOOD FOR HEALTH

Unsaturated Fat (healthy fats)

• Monounsaturated- Lower Blood Pressure (nuts, olive oils/peanut, avocados and veggies)

• Polyunsaturated: (Mainly oils of safflower, sunflower, sesame and soybean, corn)
• High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) or Good Cholesterol
         - Scavenges for any 'bad fat' and helps removes it from bloodstream
         - Reduces your chance of heart disease 

OMEGA 3 fatty acids: Plants (vegetables/seeds), Fish and (EPA and DHA)

- Eat them about twice a week, the more the better

OMEGA 6 fatty acids: Veggie Oils

Benefits-
- Lower your blood level
- Chance of ADHD
- Asthma
- Dpression
- Reduce chance of Birth problems

SOURCES:
http://www.webmd.com/healthy-aging/omega-3-fatty-acids-fact-sheet
http://www.mckinley.illinois.edu/handouts/macronutrients.htm
http://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/tc/types-of-fats-topic-overview
http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/understanding-carbohydrates/types-of-carbohydrates.html
http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/features/high-cholesterol-risks-top-2-dangers
http://www.meatpoultrynutrition.org/ht/d/sp/i/26062/pid/26062